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Programas para customizar o meu entorno de traballo nos meus equipos persoais
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nnn.1 (19287B)


      1 .Dd Nov 23, 2021
      2 .Dt NNN 1
      3 .Os
      4 .Sh NAME
      5 .Nm nnn
      6 .Nd The unorthodox terminal file manager.
      7 .Sh SYNOPSIS
      8 .Nm
      9 .Op Ar -aAcCdDeEfgHJKnQrRSuUVxh
     10 .Op Ar -b key
     11 .Op Ar -F val
     12 .Op Ar -l val
     13 .Op Ar -p file
     14 .Op Ar -P key
     15 .Op Ar -s name
     16 .Op Ar -t secs
     17 .Op Ar -T key
     18 .Op Ar PATH
     19 .Sh DESCRIPTION
     20 .Nm
     21 .Pq Nnn's Not Noice
     22 is a performance-optimized, feature-packed fork of noice
     23 .Em http://git.2f30.org/noice/
     24 with seamless desktop integration, simplified navigation,
     25 .Em type-to-nav
     26 mode with dir auto-enter, disk usage analyzer mode, bookmarks,
     27 contexts, application launcher, familiar navigation shortcuts,
     28 subshell spawning and much more. It remains a simple and
     29 efficient file manager that stays out of your way.
     30 .Pp
     31 .Nm
     32 opens the current working directory by default if
     33 .Ar PATH
     34 is not specified.
     35 .Sh KEYBINDS
     36 .Pp
     37 Press
     38 .Ql \&?
     39 in
     40 .Nm
     41 to see the list of keybinds.
     42 .Sh OPTIONS
     43 .Pp
     44 .Nm
     45 supports the following options:
     46 .Pp
     47 .Fl a
     48         auto-setup temporary NNN_FIFO (described in ENVIRONMENT section)
     49 .Pp
     50 .Fl A
     51         disable directory auto-enter in type-to-nav mode
     52 .Pp
     53 .Fl "b key"
     54         specify bookmark key to open
     55 .Pp
     56 .Fl c
     57         indicates that the opener is a cli-only opener (overrides -e)
     58 .Pp
     59 .Fl C
     60         8-color scheme - color directories by context, disable file colors
     61 .Pp
     62 .Fl d
     63         detail mode
     64 .Pp
     65 .Fl D
     66         show directories in context color with \fBNNN_FCOLORS\fR set
     67 .Pp
     68 .Fl e
     69         open text files in $VISUAL (else $EDITOR, fallback vi) [preferably CLI]
     70 .Pp
     71 .Fl E
     72         use $EDITOR for internal undetached edits
     73 .Pp
     74 .Fl f
     75         use readline history file
     76 .Pp
     77 .Fl "F val"
     78         fifo notification mode
     79         0: notify as previewer, 1: notify as explorer
     80 .Pp
     81 .Fl g
     82         use regex filters instead of substring match
     83 .Pp
     84 .Fl H
     85         show hidden files
     86 .Pp
     87 .Fl i
     88         show current file information in info bar (may be slow)
     89 .Pp
     90 .Fl J
     91         disable auto-proceed on selection
     92         (eg. selecting an entry will no longer move cursor to the next entry)
     93 .Pp
     94 .Fl K
     95         test for keybind collision
     96 .Pp
     97 .Fl "l val"
     98         number of lines to move per mouse wheel scroll
     99 .Pp
    100 .Fl n
    101         start in type-to-nav mode
    102 .Pp
    103 .Fl o
    104         open files only on Enter key
    105 .Pp
    106 .Fl "p file"
    107         copy (or \fIpick\fR) selection to file, or stdout if file='-'
    108 .Pp
    109 .Fl "P key"
    110         specify plugin key to run
    111 .Pp
    112 .Fl Q
    113         disable confirmation on quit with multiple contexts active
    114 .Pp
    115 .Fl r
    116         show cp, mv progress
    117         (Linux-only, needs \fIadvcpmv\fR; '^T' shows the progress on BSD/macOS)
    118 .Pp
    119 .Fl R
    120         disable rollover at edges (eg. pressing \fIdown\fR while on the last
    121         entry will no longer move cursor to the first entry and vice\-versa)
    122 .Pp
    123 .Fl "s name"
    124         load a session by name
    125 .Pp
    126 .Fl S
    127         persistent session
    128 .Pp
    129 .Fl "t secs"
    130         idle timeout in seconds to lock terminal
    131 .Pp
    132 .Fl "T key"
    133         sort order
    134         keys: 'a'u / 'd'u / 'e'xtension / 'r'everse / 's'ize / 't'ime / 'v'ersion
    135         capitalize to reverse (except 'r')
    136 .Pp
    137 .Fl u
    138         use selection if available, don't prompt to choose between selection and hovered entry
    139 .Pp
    140 .Fl U
    141         show user and group names in status bar
    142 .Pp
    143 .Fl V
    144         show version and exit
    145 .Pp
    146 .Fl x
    147         show notifications on selection cp, mv, rm completion (requires \fI.ntfy\fR plugin)
    148         copy path to system clipboard on selection (requires \fI.cbcp\fR plugin)
    149         show xterm title (if non-picker mode)
    150 .Pp
    151 .Fl h
    152         show program help and exit
    153 .Sh CONFIGURATION
    154 There is no configuration file. Associated files are at
    155 .Pp
    156 .Pa ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}/nnn/
    157 .Pp
    158 Configuration is done using a few optional (set if you need) environment
    159 variables. See ENVIRONMENT section.
    160 .Pp
    161 .Nm
    162 uses \fIxdg-open\fR (on Linux), \fIopen(1)\fR (on macOS), \fIcygstart\fR on
    163 (Cygwin) and \fIopen\fR on (Haiku) as the desktop opener. It's also possible
    164 to specify a custom opener. See ENVIRONMENT section.
    165 .Sh CONTEXTS
    166 Open multiple locations with 4 contexts. The status is shown in the top left
    167 corner:
    168 .Pp
    169 - the current context is in reverse video
    170 .br
    171 - other active contexts are underlined
    172 .br
    173 - rest are inactive
    174 .Pp
    175 A new context copies the state of the previous context. Each context can have
    176 its own color. See ENVIRONMENT section.
    177 .Sh SESSIONS
    178 Sessions are a way to save and restore states of work. A session stores the
    179 settings and contexts. Sessions can be loaded at runtime or with a program
    180 option.
    181 .Pp
    182 - When a session is loaded at runtime, the last working state is saved
    183 automatically to a dedicated "auto session" session file. Session option
    184 \fIrestore\fR would restore the "auto session".
    185 .br
    186 - The persistent session option is global. If it is used, the last active session
    187 will be updated with the final state at program quit.
    188 .br
    189 - The "auto session" is used in persistent session mode if no session is active.
    190 .br
    191 - Listing input stream and opening a bookmark by key have a higher priority to
    192 session options (-s/-S).
    193 .Pp
    194 All the session files are located by session name in the directory
    195 .Pp
    196 \fB${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}/nnn/sessions\fR
    197 .Pp
    198 "@" is the "auto session" file.
    199 .Sh FILTERS
    200 Filters are strings (or regex patterns) to find matching entries in the current
    201 directory instantly (\fIsearch-as-you-type\fR). Matches are case-insensitive by
    202 default. The last filter in each context is persisted at runtime or in saved
    203 sessions.
    204 .Pp
    205 Special keys at filter prompt:
    206 .Bd -literal
    207 -------- + ---------------------------------------
    208   Key    |                Function
    209 -------- + ---------------------------------------
    210  ^char   | Usual keybind functionality
    211  Esc     | Exit filter prompt but skip dir refresh
    212  Alt+Esc | Exit filter prompt and refresh dir
    213 -------- + ---------------------------------------
    214 .Ed
    215 .Pp
    216 Special keys at \fBempty filter prompt\fR:
    217 .Bd -literal
    218 ------ + ---------------------------------------
    219   Key  |                Function
    220 ------ + ---------------------------------------
    221    ?   | Show help and config screen
    222    /   | Toggle between string and regex
    223    :   | Toggle case-sensitivity
    224   ^L   | Clear filter (\fIif prompt is non-empty\fR)
    225        | OR apply last filter
    226   Bksp | Stay at filter prompt and refresh dir
    227   Del  | Stay at filter prompt and refresh dir
    228 ------ + ---------------------------------------
    229 .Ed
    230 .Pp
    231 Additional special keys at \fBempty filter prompt\fR
    232 in \fBtype-to-nav\fR mode:
    233 .Bd -literal
    234 ------ + ------------------------
    235   Key  |         Function
    236 ------ + ------------------------
    237    '   | Go to first non-dir file
    238    +   | Toggle auto-proceed on open
    239    ,   | Mark CWD
    240    -   | Go to last visited dir
    241    .   | Show hidden files
    242    ;   | Run a plugin by its key
    243    =   | Launch a GUI application
    244    >   | Export file list
    245    @   | Visit start dir
    246    ]   | Show command prompt
    247    `   | Visit /
    248    ~   | Go HOME
    249 ------ + ------------------------
    250 .Ed
    251 .Pp
    252 Common regex use cases:
    253 .Pp
    254 (1) To list all matches starting with the filter expression,
    255     start the expression with a '^' (caret) symbol.
    256 .br
    257 (2) Type '\\.mkv' to list all MKV files.
    258 .br
    259 (3) Use '.*' to match any character (\fIsort of\fR fuzzy search).
    260 .br
    261 (4) Exclude filenames having 'nnn' (compiled with PCRE lib): '^(?!nnn)'
    262 .Pp
    263 In the \fItype-to-nav\fR mode directories are opened in filter
    264 mode, allowing continuous navigation.
    265 .br
    266 When there's a unique match and it's a directory,
    267 .Nm
    268 auto enters it in this mode. Use the relevant program option to disable this
    269 behaviour.
    270 .Sh SELECTION
    271 .Nm
    272 allows file selection across directories and contexts!
    273 .Pp
    274 There are 3 groups of keybinds to add files to selection:
    275 .Pp
    276 (1) hovered file selection toggle
    277     - deselects if '+' is visible before the entry, else adds to selection
    278 .br
    279 (2) add a range of files to selection
    280     - repeat the range key on the same entry twice to clear selection completely
    281 .br
    282 (3) add all files in the current directory to selection
    283 .Pp
    284 A selection can be edited, copied, moved, removed, archived or linked.
    285 .Pp
    286 Absolute paths of the selected files are copied to \fB.selection\fR file in
    287 the config directory. The selection file is shared between multiple program
    288 instances. Selection from multiple instances are not merged. The last instance
    289 writing to the file overwrites earlier contents. If you have 2 instances of
    290 .Nm
    291 \fIopen\fR in 2 panes of a terminal multiplexer, you can select in one pane and
    292 use the selection in the other pane. The selection gets cleared in the
    293 .Nm
    294 instance where the selection was made on mv/rm (but not on cp).
    295 .Pp
    296 .Nm
    297 clears the selection after a successful operation with the selection. Plugins
    298 are allowed to define the behaviour individually.
    299 .Pp
    300 To edit the selection use the _edit selection_ key. Editing doesn't end the
    301 selection mode. You can add more files to the selection and edit the list
    302 again. If no file is selected in the current session, this option attempts
    303 to list the selection file.
    304 .Sh FIND AND LIST
    305 There are two ways to search and list:
    306 .Pp
    307 - feed a list of file paths as input
    308 .br
    309 - search using a plugin (e.g. \fIfinder\fR) and list the results
    310 .Pp
    311 File paths must be NUL-separated ('\\0'). Paths and can be relative to the
    312 current directory or absolute. Invalid paths in the input are ignored. Input
    313 limit is 65,536 paths or 256 MiB of data.
    314 .Pp
    315 To list the input stream, start
    316 .Nm
    317 by writing to its standard input. E.g., to list files in current
    318 directory larger than
    319 1M:
    320 .Bd -literal
    321     find -maxdepth 1 -size +1M -print0 | nnn
    322 .Ed
    323 .Pp
    324 or redirect a list from a file:
    325 .Bd -literal
    326     nnn < files.txt
    327 .Ed
    328 .Pp
    329 Handy bash/zsh shell function to list files by mime-type in current directory:
    330 .Bd -literal
    331     # to show video files, run: list video
    332 
    333     list ()
    334     {
    335         find . -maxdepth 1 | file -if- | grep "$1" | awk -F: '{printf "%s\0", $1}' | nnn
    336     }
    337 .Ed
    338 .Pp
    339 A temporary directory will be created containing symlinks to the given
    340 paths. Any action performed on these symlinks will be performed only on their
    341 targets, after which they might become invalid.
    342 .Pp
    343 Right arrow or 'l' on a symlink in the listing dir takes to the target
    344 file. Press '-' to return to the listing dir. Press 'Enter' to open the symlink.
    345 .Pp
    346 Listing input stream can be scripted. It can be extended to pick (option -p)
    347 selected entries from the listed results.
    348 .Sh BOOKMARKS
    349 There are 2 ways (can be used together) to manage bookmarks.
    350 .Pp
    351 (1) Bookmark keys: See \fINNN_BMS\fR under \fIENVIORNMENT\fR section on how to
    352     set bookmark keys.
    353 .Pp
    354 (2) Symlinked bookmarks: Symlinked bookmarks can be created at runtime
    355     with the \fIB\fR key. They can also be manually created by adding symlinks
    356     to bookmarked locations under the bookmarks directory in the nnn config
    357     directory (~/.config/nnn/bookmarks).
    358 .Pp
    359 Pressing \fIb\fR will list all the bookmark keys set in NNN_BMS. Pressing
    360 \fIEnter\fR at this prompt will take to the symlink bookmark directory, if
    361 NNN_BMS is not set, it happens directly on bookmarks key.
    362 .Sh UNITS
    363 The minimum file size unit is byte (B). The rest are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y
    364 (powers of 1024), same as the default units in \fIls\fR.
    365 .Sh ENVIRONMENT
    366 The SHELL, VISUAL (else EDITOR) and PAGER environment variables are
    367 used. A single combination of arguments is supported for SHELL and PAGER.
    368 .Pp
    369 \fBNNN_OPTS:\fR binary options to
    370 .Nm
    371 .Bd -literal
    372     export NNN_OPTS="cEnrx"
    373 .Ed
    374 .Pp
    375 \fBNNN_OPENER:\fR specify a custom file opener.
    376 .Bd -literal
    377     export NNN_OPENER=nuke
    378 
    379     NOTE: 'nuke' is a file opener available in the plugin repository.
    380 .Ed
    381 .Pp
    382 \fBNNN_BMS:\fR bookmark string as \fIkey_char:location\fR pairs
    383 separated by \fI;\fR:
    384 .Bd -literal
    385     export NNN_BMS="d:$HOME/Docs;u:/home/user/Cam Uploads;D:$HOME/Downloads/"
    386 .Ed
    387 .Pp
    388 These bookmarks are listed in the help and config screen (key ?).
    389 .Pp
    390 \fBNNN_PLUG:\fR directly executable plugins as \fIkey_char:plugin\fR pairs
    391 separated by \fI;\fR:
    392 .Bd -literal
    393     export NNN_PLUG='f:finder;o:fzopen;p:mocplay;d:diffs;t:nmount;v:imgview'
    394 
    395     NOTES:
    396     1. To run a plugin directly, press \fI;\fR followed by the key.
    397     2. Alternatively, combine with \fIAlt\fR (i.e. \fIAlt+key\fR).
    398     3. To skip directory refresh after running a plugin, prefix with \fB-\fR.
    399 
    400     export NNN_PLUG='p:-plugin'
    401 .Ed
    402 .Pp
    403     To assign keys to arbitrary non-background cli commands and invoke like
    404     plugins, add \fI!\fR before the command.
    405 .Bd -literal
    406     export NNN_PLUG='x:!chmod +x $nnn;g:!git log;s:!smplayer $nnn'
    407 
    408     To pick and run an unassigned plugin, press \fBEnter\fR at the plugin prompt.
    409     To run a plugin at startup, use the option `-P` followed by the plugin key.
    410 
    411     NOTES:
    412     1. Use single quotes for $NNN_PLUG so $nnn is not interpreted
    413     2. (Again) add \fB!\fR before the command
    414     3. To disable directory refresh after running a \fIcommand as plugin\fR,
    415        prefix with \fB-!\fR
    416     4. To skip user confirmation after command execution, suffix with \fB*\fR
    417        Note: Do not use \fB*\fR with programs those run and exit e.g. cat
    418 
    419         export NNN_PLUG='y:-!sync*'
    420 
    421     5. To run a \fIGUI app as plugin\fR, add a \fB&\fR after \fB!\fR
    422        Note: \fI$nnn\fR must be the last argument in this case.
    423 
    424         export NNN_PLUG='m:-!&mousepad $nnn'
    425 
    426     6. To show the output of run-and-exit commands which do not need user input,
    427        add \fB|\fR (pipe) after \fB!\fR
    428        Note: This option is incompatible with \fB&\fR (terminal output is masked
    429        for GUI programs) and ignores \fB*\fR (output is already paged for user)
    430 
    431         export NNN_PLUG='m:-!|mediainfo $nnn;t:-!|tree -ps;l:-!|ls -lah --group-directories-first'
    432 
    433     EXAMPLES:
    434     ------------------------------------ + -------------------------------------------------
    435                 Key:Command              |                   Description
    436     ------------------------------------ + -------------------------------------------------
    437     c:!convert $nnn png:- | xclip -sel \ | Copy image to clipboard
    438        clipboard -t image/png*           |
    439     e:-!sudo -E vim $nnn*                | Edit file as root in vim
    440     g:-!git diff                         | Show git diff
    441     h:-!hx $nnn*                         | Open hovered file in hx hex editor
    442     k:-!fuser -kiv $nnn*                 | Interactively kill process(es) using hovered file
    443     l:-!git log                          | Show git log
    444     n:-!vi /home/user/Dropbox/dir/note*  | Take quick notes in a synced file/dir of notes
    445     p:-!less -iR $nnn*                   | Page through hovered file in less
    446     s:-!&smplayer -minigui $nnn          | Play hovered media file, even unfinished download
    447     x:!chmod +x $nnn                     | Make the hovered file executable
    448     y:-!sync*                            | Flush cached writes
    449     ------------------------------------ + -------------------------------------------------
    450 
    451     Online docs: https://github.com/jarun/nnn/tree/master/plugins
    452 .Ed
    453 .Pp
    454 \fBNNN_ORDER:\fR directory-specific sort key.
    455 .Bd -literal
    456     export NNN_ORDER='t:/home/user/Downloads;S:/tmp'
    457 
    458     NOTE: Sort keys can be a/d/e/r/s/t/v (see program option -T).
    459           Capitalize to reverse (except 'r').
    460           Path must be absolute.
    461 .Ed
    462 .Pp
    463 \fBNNN_COLORS:\fR string of color numbers for each context, e.g.:
    464 .Bd -literal
    465     # 8 color numbers:
    466     # 0-black, 1-red, 2-green, 3-yellow, 4-blue (default), 5-magenta, 6-cyan, 7-white
    467     export NNN_COLORS='1234'
    468 
    469     # xterm 256 color numbers (converted to hex, 2 symbols per context):
    470     # see https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1482942/93023823-46a6ba80-f5e1-11ea-9ea3-6a3c757704f4.png
    471     export NNN_COLORS='#0a1b2c3d'
    472 
    473     # both (256 followed by 8 as fallback, separated by ';')
    474     export NNN_COLORS='#0a1b2c3d;1234'
    475 
    476     NOTE: If only 256 colors are specified and the terminal doesn't support, default is used.
    477 .Ed
    478 .Pp
    479 \fBNNN_FCOLORS:\fR specify file-type specific colors:
    480 .Bd -literal
    481     export NNN_FCOLORS='c1e2272e006033f7c6d6abc4'
    482 
    483     Specify file-specific colors in xterm 256 color hex numbers (2 symbols per color).
    484     Order is strict, use 00 to omit/use default terminal color. Defaults:
    485 
    486     ------------------------- + --- + -------------
    487               Order           | Hex |    Color
    488     ------------------------- + --- + -------------
    489     Block device              | c1  | DarkSeaGreen1
    490     Char device               | e2  | Yellow1
    491     Directory                 | 27  | DeepSkyBlue1
    492     Executable                | 2e  | Green1
    493     Regular                   | 00  | Normal
    494     Hard link                 | 60  | Plum4
    495     Symbolic link             | 33  | Cyan1
    496     Missing OR file details   | f7  | Grey62
    497     Orphaned symbolic link    | c6  | DeepPink1
    498     FIFO                      | d6  | Orange1
    499     Socket                    | ab  | MediumOrchid1
    500     Unknown OR 0B regular/exe | c4  | Red1
    501     ------------------------- + --- + -------------
    502 
    503     If the terminal supports xterm 256 colors or more, file-specific colors will be rendered.
    504     To force the 8-color scheme use option -C.
    505     If xterm 256 colors aren't supported, 8-color scheme will be used.
    506 .Ed
    507 .Pp
    508 \fBNNN_ARCHIVE:\fR archive extensions to be handled silently (default: bzip2, (g)zip, tar).
    509 .Bd -literal
    510     export NNN_ARCHIVE="\\\\.(7z|bz2|gz|tar|tgz|zip)$"
    511 
    512     NOTE: Non-default formats may require a third-party utility.
    513 .Ed
    514 .Pp
    515 \fBNNN_SSHFS:\fR specify custom sshfs command with options:
    516 .Bd -literal
    517     export NNN_SSHFS='sshfs -o reconnect,idmap=user,cache_timeout=3600'
    518 
    519     NOTE: The options must be comma-separated without any space between them.
    520 .Ed
    521 .Pp
    522 \fBNNN_RCLONE:\fR pass additional options to rclone command:
    523 .Bd -literal
    524     export NNN_RCLONE='rclone mount --read-only --no-checksum'
    525 
    526     NOTE: The options must be preceded by "rclone" and max 5 flags are supported.
    527 .Ed
    528 .Pp
    529 \fBNNN_TRASH:\fR trash (instead of \fIrm -rf\fR) files to desktop Trash.
    530 .Bd -literal
    531     export NNN_TRASH=n
    532     # n=1: trash-cli, n=2: gio trash
    533 .Ed
    534 .Pp
    535 \fBNNN_SEL:\fR absolute path to custom selection file.
    536 .Pp
    537 \fBNNN_FIFO:\fR path of a named pipe to write the hovered file path:
    538 .Bd -literal
    539     export NNN_FIFO='/tmp/nnn.fifo'
    540 
    541     NOTES:
    542     1. Overridden by a temporary path with -a option.
    543     2. If the FIFO file doesn't exist it will be created,
    544        but not removed (unless it is generated by -a option).
    545 
    546     Online docs: https://github.com/jarun/nnn/wiki/Live-previews
    547 .Ed
    548 .Pp
    549 \fBNNN_LOCKER:\fR terminal locker program.
    550 .Bd -literal
    551     export NNN_LOCKER='bmon -p wlp1s0'
    552     export NNN_LOCKER='cmatrix'
    553 .Ed
    554 .Pp
    555 \fBNNN_TMPFILE:\fR \fIalways\fR cd on quit and write the command in the file specified.
    556 .Bd -literal
    557     export NNN_TMPFILE='/tmp/.lastd'
    558 .Ed
    559 .Pp
    560 \fBNNN_HELP:\fR run a program and show the output on top of the program help page.
    561 .Bd -literal
    562     export NNN_HELP='fortune'
    563 .Ed
    564 .Pp
    565 \fBNNN_MCLICK:\fR key emulated by a middle mouse click.
    566 .Bd -literal
    567     export NNN_MCLICK='^R'
    568 
    569     NOTE: Only the first character is considered if not a \fICtrl+key\fR combo.
    570 .Ed
    571 .Pp
    572 \fBnnn:\fR this is a special variable.
    573 .Bd -literal
    574     Set to the hovered file name before starting the command prompt or spawning a shell.
    575 .Ed
    576 .Pp
    577 \fBNO_COLOR:\fR disable ANSI color output (overridden by \fBNNN_COLORS\fR).
    578 .Sh AUTHORS
    579 .An Arun Prakash Jana Aq Mt engineerarun@gmail.com ,
    580 .An Lazaros Koromilas Aq Mt lostd@2f30.org ,
    581 .An Dimitris Papastamos Aq Mt sin@2f30.org .
    582 .Sh HOME
    583 .Em https://github.com/jarun/nnn